NEET 2026 Biology paper questions, their answers, and the corresponding NCERT references:
NEET 2026 Biology paper questions, their answers, and the corresponding NCERT references
NEET 2026 Biology Paper Analysis & NCERT References
- Question: Match the following phases of the Cell Cycle.
- Answer: G1 Phase: Cell is metabolically active; S Phase: DNA synthesis/replication occurs and DNA amount per cell doubles; M Phase: Actual cell division occurs.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Cell Cycle and Cell Division, Pages 121 and 163.
- Question: Match the following Genetics concepts.
- Answer: Incomplete Dominance: Flower color in Antirrhinum (Snapdragon/Dog flower); Codominance: ABO blood grouping; Pleiotropy: Phenylketonuria; Polygenic Inheritance: Human skin color.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Principles of Inheritance and Variation.
- Question: Identify the correct statement regarding Biodiversity Loss.
- Answer: The Amazon rain forest being cut for soybean cultivation is an example of habitat loss.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Biodiversity and Conservation.
- Question: Identify the regions of a Transcription Unit in DNA.
- Answer: It is defined by three regions: Promoter, Structural Gene, and Terminator.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Molecular Basis of Inheritance.
- Question:Sex determination in Honey Bees.
- Answer: Females are formed by the union of sperm and egg; males (drones) develop from unfertilized eggs and have half the number of chromosomes (haploid).
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Principles of Inheritance and Variation.
- Question: Match the Respiration process with its location.
- Answer: Glycolysis: Cytoplasm; ETS: Inner mitochondrial membrane; Krebs Cycle: Mitochondrial matrix.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Respiration in Plants.
- Question: Energy requirements for synthesizing one Glucose molecule in the Calvin cycle.
- Answer: 18 ATP and 12 NADPH.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants.
- Question: Match Biotechnology tools and organisms.
- Answer: BT Cotton: Genetically Modified Organism; Thermostable DNA polymerase: Thermus aquaticus; Ti Plasmid: Agrobacterium tumefaciens; pBR322: E. coli.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapters: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes & Biotechnology and its Applications.
- Question: Identify plants where ovules are not enclosed by an ovary wall.
- Answer: Gymnosperms such as Pinus, Cycas, and Cedrus.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Plant Kingdom.
- Question: Enzyme required for carboxylation in the C3 cycle.
- Answer: RuBisCO.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants.
- Question: Match Biomolecules with their types.
- Answer: Trypsin: Enzyme; Morphine: Alkaloid; Concanavalin A: Lectin; Collagen: Intercellular ground substance.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Biomolecules.
- Question: Characteristics of Amino Acids.
- Answer: They are substituted methanes. Valine is a neutral amino acid. Aromatic amino acids include Tyrosine, Phenylalanine, and Tryptophan.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Biomolecules.
- Question: Genetic cause of Sickle Cell Anemia.
- Answer: Substitution of Glutamic acid by Valine at the sixth position of the beta-globin chain of hemoglobin.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Principles of Inheritance and Variation.
- Question: Site for active ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis.
- Answer: Nucleolus.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Cell: The Unit of Life.
- Question: Rules of Binomial Nomenclature.
- Answer: The first word represents the Genus and the second represents the Specific epithet.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: The Living World.
- Question: Match Plant Growth Regulators with their functions.
- Answer: 2,4-D: Herbicide; GA3: Brewing industry (speeding up malting); Cytokinin (Kinetin): Nutrient mobilization; ABA: Stomatal closure.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Plant Growth and Development.
- Question: Match Plant Anatomy terms.
- Answer: Casparian strips are found in the endodermis; Bulliform cells minimize water loss in grasses.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Anatomy of Flowering Plants.
- Question: Type of pollination bringing genetically different pollen to the stigma.
- Answer: Xenogamy.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants.
- Question: Example of Plasticity in plants.
- Answer: Heterophyllous development due to the environment (e.g., in cotton, coriander, larkspur).
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Plant Growth and Development.
- Question: Identify features of Restriction Endonucleases.
- Answer: They are known as molecular scissors and cut DNA at specific palindromic sites.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes.
- Question: Correct steps of DNA Fingerprinting.
- Answer: 1. Isolation of DNA; 2. Digestion by Restriction Endonucleases; 3. Separation by Electrophoresis; 4. Blotting; 5. Hybridization; 6. Detection.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Molecular Basis of Inheritance.
- Question: Comparison of C3 and C4 plants.
- Answer: C4 plants lack photorespiration and use the C3 pathway as the main biosynthetic pathway. Kranz anatomy is characteristic of C4 plants, not C3.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants.
- Question: Steps of Somatic Hybridization.
- Answer: Isolation of single cells -> Digestion of cell walls -> Isolation of naked protoplasts -> Fusion of protoplasts.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production (Tissue Culture).
- Question: Developmental sequence of a Pollen Grain.
- Answer: Sporogenous tissue -> Pollen Mother Cell -> Microspore tetrad -> Pollen grain.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants (NCERT Exercise).
- Question: Example of In-situ conservation.
- Answer: Sacred groves.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Biodiversity and Conservation.
- Question: Identify the triploid (3n) cell in angiosperms.
- Answer: Primary Endosperm Cell (PEC).
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants.
- Question: Function of the lacZ gene in the lac operon.
- Answer: Codes for Beta-galactosidase.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Molecular Basis of Inheritance.
- Question: Inflorescence type with acropetal succession.
- Answer: Racemose.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Morphology of Flowering Plants.
- Question: Criteria for Whittaker’s Five Kingdom Classification.
- Answer: Cell structure, body organization, mode of nutrition, reproduction, and phylogenetic relationships. Presence of flagellum is NOT a criterion.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Biological Classification.
- Question: Components of the “Evil Quartet” in biodiversity loss.
- Answer: Habitat loss and fragmentation, Over-exploitation, Alien species invasion, and Co-extinction.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Biodiversity and Conservation.
- Question: Steps of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).
- Answer: Denaturation, Annealing, and Extension.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes.
- Question:Respiratory Quotient (RQ) of fats (Tripalmitin).
- Answer: 0.7.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Respiration in Plants.
- Question: Definition of Bio-prospecting.
- Answer: Exploring molecular, genetic, and species-level diversity for products of economic importance.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Biodiversity and Conservation.
- Question: Define Secondary Productivity.
- Answer: Rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Ecosystem.
- Question: Match Placentation types with examples.
- Answer: Marginal: Pea; Axile: Lemon; Parietal: Mustard; Basal: Sunflower/Marigold.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Morphology of Flowering Plants.
- Question: Anatomy of Frog.
- Answer: Hepatic Portal System connects the liver and intestine. Frogs have 10 pairs of cranial nerves. The hindbrain consists of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Structural Organization in Animals.
- Question: Match Animal Kingdom species with traits.
- Answer: Ostrich: Flightless bird; Petromyzon (Cyclostomata): Ectoparasite, lacks scales and paired fins, cartilaginous endoskeleton.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Animal Kingdom.
- Question: Mechanism of GIFT (Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer).
- Answer: Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one but can provide a suitable environment for fertilization.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Reproductive Health.
- Question: Location of Neurotransmitter receptors in a synapse.
- Answer: Post-synaptic membrane.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Neural Control and Coordination.
- Question: Treatment of Emphysema.
- Answer: Use of the human protein Alpha-1 antitrypsin.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Biotechnology and its Applications.
- Question: Condition of Erythroblastosis Fetalis.
- Answer: Occurs when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus. It can be avoided by administering anti-Rh antibodies to the mother immediately after the first delivery.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Body Fluids and Circulation.
- Question: Match Drugs with their effects.
- Answer: Morphine: Sedative and painkiller; Heroin: Depressant (slows down body functions); Cocaine: Euphoria and increased energy; Nicotine: Stimulates adrenal gland to release catecholamines.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Human Health and Disease.
- Question: Match Musculoskeletal disorders.
- Answer: Tetany: Wild muscle contractions due to low calcium; Arthritis: Inflammation of joints; Myasthenia Gravis: Autoimmune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction; Muscular Dystrophy: Progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Locomotion and Movement.
- Question: Match Contraceptive methods.
- Answer: Progestasert: Hormone-releasing IUD; Multiload 375: Copper-releasing IUD; Saheli: Non-steroidal oral pill; Diaphragm: Barrier method.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Reproductive Health.
- Question: Composition of Human Erythrocyte (RBC) membrane.
- Answer: Approximately 52% protein and 40% lipids.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Cell: The Unit of Life.
- Question:Fetal development milestones.
- Answer: 1st month: Heart formation; 2nd month: Limbs and digits; 5th month: First movements and hair on head; 24 weeks: Body covered with fine hair, eyelashes formed.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Human Reproduction.
- Question: Evolutionary timeline of Life Forms.
- Answer: 500 mya: Invertebrates formed; 350 mya: Jawless fish; 320 mya: Seaweeds and some plants; 65 mya: Dinosaurs suddenly disappeared.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Evolution.
- Question:RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) sequence.
- Answer: Fall in GFR -> JG cells release Renin -> Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I -> Angiotensin II (Vasoconstrictor) -> Aldosterone release (Na+ and water reabsorption).
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Excretory Products and Their Elimination.
- Question: Population Interactions.
- Answer: Mutualism: (+/+); Parasitism: (+/-); Commensalism: (+/0); Amensalism: (-/0).
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Organisms and Populations.
- Question:Human Evolution sequence.
- Answer: Ramapithecus -> Homo habilis -> Homo erectus -> Neanderthal man -> Homo sapiens.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Evolution.
Question: Match the processes of Decomposition.
- Answer: Fragmentation: Breakdown of detritus by detritivores; Mineralization: Release of inorganic nutrients; Humification: Accumulation of dark amorphous substance.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Ecosystem.
- Question: Identify correct statements regarding Biomolecules.
- Answer: Lipids are generally water-insoluble; Proteins are polypeptides; Polysaccharides are long chains of sugar; Adenine and Guanine are purines (substituted).
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Biomolecules.
- Question: From which region do root hairs arise?
- Answer: Region of Maturation.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Morphology of Flowering Plants.
- Question: Which of the following is not a characteristic of the elongation phase in plant growth?
- Answer: Features of elongation include cell enlargement, new cell wall deposition, and increased vacuolation; characteristics like high protoplasmic content belong to the meristematic phase.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Plant Growth and Development.
- Question: Identify the floral formula features for the Solanaceae family.
- Answer: It is gamosepalous (indicated by K5 in brackets).
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Morphology of Flowering Plants (New NCERT).
- Question: Statements on Packaging of DNA Helix.
- Answer: Histones form a unit of eight molecules called a histone octamer; DNA is negatively charged and wraps around the positively charged histone octamer; higher-level packaging requires Non-Histone Chromosomal (NHC) proteins.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Molecular Basis of Inheritance.
- Question: Identify correct facts about Gel Electrophoresis.
- Answer: DNA fragments separate according to their size in agarose gel; they can be visualized only after staining with Ethidium Bromide and exposure to UV radiation.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes.
- Question: Identify the Secondary Structure of proteins.
- Answer: Includes Alpha-helix and Beta-pleated sheets.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Biomolecules.
- Question: Match the types of Ecosystem Productivity.
- Answer: Gross Primary Productivity (GPP): Rate of organic matter production during photosynthesis; Net Primary Productivity (NPP): GPP minus respiration losses (GPP – R).
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Ecosystem.
- Question: Identify true statements regarding Frog anatomy.
- Answer: Frogs have 10 pairs of cranial nerves; Sinus venosus joins the right atrium; the hindbrain consists of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Structural Organization in Animals.
- Question: Provide an example of Sexual Deceit in nature.
- Answer: The interaction between the Orchid Ophrys and Bumblebees.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Organisms and Populations.
- Question: Identify examples of Osteichthyes (Bony Fish).
- Answer: Flying fish (Exocoetus), Fighting fish (Betta), and Angel fish (Pterophyllum).
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Animal Kingdom.
- Question: How do Male Honey Bees produce gametes?
- Answer: They are haploid and produce gametes through mitosis.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Principles of Inheritance and Variation.
- Question: Identify the percentage of WBCs in a standard blood sample.
- Answer: Eosinophils: 2-3%; Lymphocytes: 20-25%.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Body Fluids and Circulation.
- Question: Probability of a child having O blood group if both parents are heterozygous for A and B respectively.
- Answer: 25%.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Principles of Inheritance and Variation.
- Question: Correct statements on Spermatogenesis.
- Answer: Spermatogonia divide mitotically; Primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis; Spermatids transform into spermatozoa through spermiogenesis.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Human Reproduction.
- Question: Correct sequence of the Plasmodium Life Cycle.
- Answer: Injection of sporozoites (mosquito bite) -> Parasites reach liver -> Asexual reproduction in liver and RBCs -> Bursting of RBCs and release of hemozoin.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Human Health and Disease.
- Question: Match Microbes with their medical uses.
- Answer: Streptokinase: Clot buster; Statins: Blood cholesterol-lowering agent; Cyclosporin A: Immuno-suppressive agent.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Microbes in Human Welfare.
- Question: Identify examples of Convergent Evolution.
- Answer: Wings of butterflies and birds; flippers of penguins and dolphins; eyes of octopuses and mammals.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Evolution.
- Question: Reason for large holes in Swiss Cheese.
- Answer: Large amount of CO2 production by the bacterium Propionibacterium sharmanii.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Microbes in Human Welfare.
- Question: Match Hormones with their functions.
- Answer: Cortisol: Anti-inflammatory reactions; Aldosterone: Reabsorption of Na+ and water; CCK: Secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile juice.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Chemical Coordination and Integration.
- Question: Sequence of Human Ovum layers (Outer to Inner).
- Answer: Corona Radiata -> Zona Pellucida -> Perivitelline Space -> Plasma membrane.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Human Reproduction.
- Question: Identify the Logistic Growth equation.
- Answer: dN/dt = rN [(K-N)/K] (Verhulst-Pearl Logistic Growth).
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Organisms and Populations.
- Question: Match Bt Toxins with their targets.
- Answer: Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab: Cotton bollworms; Cry1Ab: Corn borer.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Biotechnology and its Applications.
- Question: Components of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA).
- Answer: Formed by modifications in the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) and the Afferent Arteriole.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Excretory Products and Their Elimination.
- Question: Match Respiratory Organs with animal groups.
- Answer: Mollusca: Branchial (Gills); Reptiles: Pulmonary (Lungs); Adult Amphibians: Pulmonary and Cutaneous (Skin).
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Breathing and Exchange of Gases.
- Question: Mutant codon in Sickle Cell Anemia.
- Answer: The codon GAG is replaced by GUG at the sixth position of the beta-globin gene.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Molecular Basis of Inheritance.
- Question:Sex determination in Grasshoppers.
- Answer: Males have 23 chromosomes (XO); Females have 24 chromosomes (XX).
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Principles of Inheritance and Variation.
- Question: Statements on Animal Kingdom traits.
- Answer: Platyhelminthes have an incomplete digestive system; Aschelminthes are pseudocoelomates; Chondrichthyes have a persistent notochord; Echinoderms show bilateral symmetry in larval stages.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Animal Kingdom.
- Question: Identify the Enzyme Class for the removal of groups leaving double bonds.
- Answer: Lyases.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Biomolecules.
- Question: Example of an Inverted Ecological Pyramid.
- Answer: Pyramid of biomass in the sea.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Ecosystem.
- Question: Match the Respiratory Volumes.
- Answer: Tidal Volume: 500 ml; IRV: 2500–3000 ml; RV: 1100–1200 ml; ERV: 1000–1100 ml.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Breathing and Exchange of Gases.
- Question: Sequence of Human Respiration steps.
- Answer: Breathing -> Diffusion of gases across alveolar membrane -> Transport of gases by blood -> Diffusion into tissues -> Utilization of O2 by cells.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Breathing and Exchange of Gases.
- Question: Non-membrane bound organelle found in both Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
- Answer: Ribosome.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Cell: The Unit of Life.
- Question: Mechanism of Muscle Contraction (Sliding Filament).
- Answer: Neural signal generates action potential in the sarcolemma -> Release of Ca2+ into sarcoplasm -> Binding of myosin head to actin.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Locomotion and Movement.
- Question: Location of BamHI site in pBR322.
- Answer: Located within the Tetracycline resistance gene (tetR).
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes.
- Question: Features of the Human Skeleton.
- Answer: Human skull is dicondylic; cartilaginous joints are found between adjacent vertebrae; there are 7 cervical vertebrae.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Locomotion and Movement.
- Question: Components of the Endomembrane System.
- Answer: Includes Golgi complex, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Lysosomes, and Vacuoles; it excludes Mitochondria and Chloroplasts.
- NCERT Reference: Class 11, Chapter: Cell: The Unit of Life.
- Question: When do fetal movements and hair on the head appear?
- Answer: During the fifth month (approximately 20 weeks).
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Human Reproduction.
- Question: Chronological sequence of Human Evolution.
- Answer: Ramapithecus -> Homo habilis -> Homo erectus -> Neanderthal man -> Homo sapiens.
- NCERT Reference: Class 12, Chapter: Evolution.
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