Equilibrium

After studying this unit you will be
able to
• identify dynamic nature of
equilibrium involved in physical
and chemical processes;
• state the law of equilibrium;
• explain characteristics of
equilibria involved in physical
and chemical processes;
• write expressions for
equilibrium constants;
• establish a relationship between
Kp
and Kc
;
• explain various factors that
affect the equilibrium state of a
reaction;
• classify substances as acids or
bases according to Arrhenius,
Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis
concepts;
• classify acids and bases as weak
or strong in terms of their
ionization constants;
• explain the dependence of
degree of ionization on
concentration of the electrolyte
and that of the common ion;
• describe pH scale for
representing hydrogen ion
concentration;
• explain ionisation of water and
its duel role as acid and base;
• describe ionic product (Kw ) and
pKw for water;
• appreciate use of buffer
solutions;
• calculate solubility product
constant.